Revolt in the Countryside (605 BCE)
For translation methodology see: How to Translate Alphabetic Akkadian Texts
Embedded Files
Lake bottom Core sample data from the Sea of Galilee. In historical times it shows two major droughts with several minor ones. Minor droughts are indicated anytime the curves turn downward.
The 50 year long Great Drought of 1180 to 1140 BCE (Iron Age 1 period) is what ended the Bronze Age and the 5-year long Elijah drought of 845-840 BCE. The yellow gives the tree pollen level while the green gives the non-tree pollen level. (Langut and Finkelsein 2013)
The 50 year long Great Drought of 1180 to 1140 BCE (Iron Age 1 period) is what ended the Bronze Age and the 5-year long Elijah drought of 845-840 BCE. The yellow gives the tree pollen level while the green gives the non-tree pollen level. (Langut and Finkelsein 2013)
Droughts Defined the Archaeological Periods in the Levant
Droughts Defined the Archaeological Periods in the Levant
(May 3, 2023) Droughts separate the archaeological periods in the Levant. States weakened by local droughts were often subject to raids right after the droughts by Mesopotamian empires which were unaffected due to their irrigation. Below is the latest widely accepted chronology proposed by Amihai Mazar in 2014 shown below:
Droughts According to Drought Chart
Droughts According to Drought Chart
- 1180-1140 BCE - Great Drought
- 980 BCE
- 845-840 BCE - Elijah Drought
- 732 BCE - led to Assyrian invasion
- 605 BCE - led to Babylonian invasion
Diagnostic Letter Shapes For Dating
Diagnostic Letter Shapes For Dating
- 605 BCE - "A" has square peak. "L" has hooked appendage.
- 732 BCE - "A" has pointed peak. "L" has flat appendage.
References
Langut, D. Finkelsein, I, Litt, T. (2013) Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Levant. Tel Aviv 40:149-175. Online at https://www.academia.edu/6053886/Climate_and_the_Late_Bronze_Collapse_New_Evidence_from_the_Southern_LevantReferences
Mazar, Amihai (2005) The Debate over the Chronology of the Iron Age in the Southern Levant: its History, the Current Situation and a Suggested Resolution. pp. 15-30 in: T. Levy and T. Higham (editors), The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating - Archaeology, Text and Science. London. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/2632501/The_Debate_over_the_Chronology_of_the_Iron_Age_in_the_Southern_Levant_its_History_the_Current_Situation_and_a_Suggested_Resolution_2005
Formerly Altman collection in Paris. Present location not reported. Seal made of reddish limestone 17.7 x I6 x 7.6 mm.
Image is of 2 pomegranates forming a sky shell. Chief Israelite life priests were commanded to have pomegranates on their robes:
Exodus 28:33-34, NIV) On its lower hem you shall make pomegranates of blue, purple, and crimson yarns, all around the lower hem, with bells of gold between them all around— 34 a golden bell and a pomegranate alternating all around the lower hem of the robe.
Image is of 2 pomegranates forming a sky shell. Chief Israelite life priests were commanded to have pomegranates on their robes:
Exodus 28:33-34, NIV) On its lower hem you shall make pomegranates of blue, purple, and crimson yarns, all around the lower hem, with bells of gold between them all around— 34 a golden bell and a pomegranate alternating all around the lower hem of the robe.
Pomegranate showing flower and a developing fruit behind it.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomegranate_Fruit_Setting.jpg
Lack of Ferility Is Causing Revolt in the Countryside (605 BCE Drought)
Lack of Ferility Is Causing Revolt in the Countryside (605 BCE Drought)
(April 21, 2023) The image on this seal shows two pomegranete flowers representing the sky-shell life network. The word pomegranate evolved from the Latin pomum meaning apple or fruit and granatum meaning seeds or grains. Because red was the color of life the seeds came to represent offspring.
Because of this many customs involving pomegranates involve marriage ceremonies. In ancient Armenia, brides were given pomegranates to throw against a wall. The scattered seeds meant many children. The Bedouins of the Middle East also used the pomegranate in their wedding celebrations. The bride and groom would break open a pomegranate as they entered their new home. The new couple would then eat the seeds hoping for an abundance of children. In China, pomegranates were thrown on the bedroom floor of newlyweds’ homes because they felt the bursting of the fruit and scattering of the seeds would produce a fruitful marriage.
Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.83)
(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.83)
- Lu A Lu Ṣu KiDu (Levant Text 60.83.1)
- ṢeRu Ku Pu (Levant Text 60.83.2)
(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)
In English.
In English.
- Any-Lack of this (fertility) is from lacking activity in the countryside
- Mortal-Space is getting involved with the openings.
Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt
Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt
Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows:
- Belonging to Elishama'
- (son of) Sarmelek
References
Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem References
Seal made of orange-co1oured carnelian, 9 x 7 x 4 mm. Now at Hecht Museum in Haifa, Israel (number H-1979)
Lack of Life-Powers Alu and Yahu Are Causing Revolt in the Countryside (Drought 605 BCE)
Lack of Life-Powers Alu and Yahu Are Causing Revolt in the Countryside (Drought 605 BCE)
(April 3, 2023) Image is of the sky shell having an opening full of life powers represented by the sun. The phrase "activating the countryside" seems to reflect growing rural unrest due to drought and continuing land rents. Squarish letter "A" indicates a date after 650 BCE.
Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.77)
(Read left to right because picture is of seal and not its sealing. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.77)
- Lu A Lu NaBu U (Levant Text 60.77.1)
- A Lu Ṣu KiDu (Levant Text 60.77.2)
(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)
In English.
In English.
- Any-Lack of this is from lacking the Nourishment-Revealer (Yahu) while
- this lack is activating the countryside
Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt
Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt
Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows but they have to ignore some letters to make this translation:
- Belonging to Alup son of
- Elishama’
Reference
Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORA TION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, asnd THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem Reference
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